The life span of the gods organized the foundations for the comprehension of how to live a virtuous life. These myths were passed down through their society’s storytellers like Homer, who wrote the epic poems the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey.” These works of art are the source of much of our knowledge of the Greek gods , and the beliefs surrounding them.

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The twelve Olympian gods ( they are named after their dwelling place, Mount Olympus) were the best known gods. They ruled after the overthrow of the Titans.

The relationship between ancient Greeks and their gods was based on a fairly easy concept: if men worshipped and made sacrifices towards the gods, then your gods would look favourably upon them in exchange.

The Olympians:

Aphrodite : Goddess of love and beauty . Her son was Eros , the god of love. She is also considered to have kept a watchful eye over sailors.

Apollo : Beautiful god of the light, medicine and music. Apollo represents order, harmony, and civilization

Ares : God of war. He had an affair with Aphrodite, and was father to many kids.

Artemis : Goddess moon, forest, childbirth and the hunt. Although she was associated with childbirth and kids, Artemis was a virgin.

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Athena : Daughter of Zeus and goddess of knowledge and war and also the patron goddess of Athens. Like Artemis , she was a virgin goddess too.

Hades : God of the Underworld.

Hephaestus : God of fire and the forge. Mated to Aphrodite.

Hera : Queen from the Gods, wife of Zeus a, protector of marriage.

Hermes : The messenger of the gods, god of business. He was a very smart child, inventing the lyre using a tortoise’s shell as he was just a baby baby.

Hestia : Goddess of home, symbolized by the hearth which holds the ever-burning flame.

Poseidon : God of the sea and earthquakes. As god of the seas Poseidon held great power, and could calm the waves or create terrible storms. He’d an unreliable temper, and used his powers to generate fear and punishment on people as revenge.

Zeus : King from the Gods, god of the sky, symbolized by the thunderbolt. Because the ruler of the Olympian gods, Zeus held enormous power and almost absolute authority. His role was primarily to watch over the activities of the other gods, and make sure they weren’t exceeding their powers.

The Titans, also called the elder gods, ruled the planet earth before the Olympians overthrew them.
The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus .

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Prometheus : He stole the sacred fire from Zeus and also the gods.

Atlas : Zeus punished him to forever bear the heavens upon his shoulders.

In 2009, the bodies of 143 rights of the Habsburgs, in addition to the urns containing the cremated remains of four or more hearts, are deposited here, including 12 emperors and empresses of 18. The most recent was in 2008 entombment148. The visible 104 metal sarcophagi and 5 heart urns range in style from puritan plain to exuberant rococo style. The Imperial Crypt is one of the main attractions of Vienna.

To date, some residents continued dozen Capuchin Friars of their usual role as guardians and caretakers of the crypt and their pastoral work in Vienna.

Tyrolean Anna, wife of Emperor Matthias had an idea for a Capuchin monastery and the burial crypt for her and her husband to be built near the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. It has provided funds for her, she made 10 November 1617 and soon made available by dying a year later. Her husband followed a year later.

The first stone was laid on September 8, 1622 in the presence of Emperor Ferdinand IIx578 and after the slow progress because of the distractions of the Thirty Years War, the church was dedicated July 25, 1632 and Easter of Next year, the simple coffins containing the remains of the Emperor and Empress Mathias Anna1 were transferred with great ceremony in what is now called the Founder’s Vault.

The Emperor Leopold I37 enlarged crypt in 1657 in the area below the ship in the church, and her son Emperor Joseph I35 extended further west in 1710, but awkward, from the vault, her brother Emperor Charles VI40 continued westward in 1720, which extends under the apse and chancel choir above. For the first time, was a renowned architect who is involved with an expansion of the crypt.

In 1754, the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa56 was further west, completely passed by the church in the monastery garden with its dome, which allows more natural light. The imposing dome and the crypt is the work of architect Jean Jadot de Ville-Issey.

During the reign of his grandson, son of Emperor Franz Aman II57 architect Johann north to its largest in 1824.

The monastery around the church had fallen into disuse after 200 years of constant use, during the reign of Emperor Ferdinand, in 1840, the monastery (but not the church) was demolished and rebuilt. Under this project, the architect Johann Fernando Höhne built vault and the Bank of Tuscany in the basement of the new structure.

As part of the jubilee year to celebrate 60 years on the throne in 1908, Emperor Franz Joseph was the architect Cajo Perisic build another mausoleum in the room and the chapel to the east of Franz Ferdinand and II57 of times. Meanwhile, visitors to new annexes have been created on both sides of the church.

In 1960, it was a clear deterioration of the tombs that the changing environment of heat and humidity must be controlled if the historic sarcophagi survive for future generations. The Bank of Nova, northern Tuscany, Fernando and José Francisco domes, was built by the architect Karl Schwanzer metal doors by sculptor Rudolf Höflehner. He said that about 20 percent of the area of ​​the crypt, and was used as part of a massive reorganization of the tombs in the vaults.

The original dome was little consideration, in addition to the tombs of the two founders, a dozen children and was called the Dome of Angel. They move to open new niches in the wall before the Dome of Leopold.

Featured tombs of various other arcs have moved to New Vault and grouped by themes such as bishops, the direct ancestors of the last reigning emperor, and the immediate family Archduke Karl victor of Aspern.

Thirty-seven other graves, some of the minor children and members of the ruling family, was built on four pillars, created by Ferdinand Vault.

Thus, about half of all graves were moved from the original vault for a more orderly in the large part of the reorganization.

In 2003, another project created in the crypt accessible to persons with disabilities and has opened doors for previously non-guided tour that requires more walking back to 100% was necessary before. Whole crypt also has air conditioning to prevent deterioration of the tombs.

The graves are usually variations of either a self-storage locker flat top, or a bowl with sloping sides and a convex deck lid conical. Ornamentation ranging from simple to complex.

Until the 18th century date, the most common material in this tomb was a bronze-like alloy of tin, covered with shellac. Magnificent tombs Baroque and Rococo periods are actually bronze, nobler, and therefore more expensive material. Reformation of Emperor Joseph II ordered the burial customs of the people easier and the introduction of copper lighter and less expensive in the Imperial Crypt, which was then used in the 19th century. Later in the 19th century by a mixture of brass and bronze and a silver-copper-brown approved. Other metals have been used only rarely, with the exception of silver plating and gold decorations.

Only a sarcophagus that Emperor Francis Joseph is made of stone instead of metal.

Different techniques of metal were used: a coffin full cast, casting a blank decorative sculpture, carving, surface decoration and hammered in relief. shares chests and lids are riveted together, the decorative and ornamental figures attached.

The sculptor responsible for the more elaborate tombs, Balthasar Ferdinand Moll.

To ensure the stability of the tombs huge screen, which prepared iron and wooden floors inside. This prevents both the collapse and buckling of the sidewalls of the cover weight. The lid of the tomb of Empress Marie double Theresa56 and her husband of 55 years only weighs about 1700 kg.

The outer case provides a wooden coffin wrapped in silk (black with gold trim for officers, red with silver trim for others). The coffin was usually two locks, one key is kept by the Keeper of the Crypt of the Capuchins, the other remains in the Schatzkammer the Hofburg in Vienna.

Before the coffin, often the body had organs removed as a necessary part of the embalming process for display before burial. For about one third of the agencies has the heart is placed in a silver urn and sent elsewhere (usually in Herzgruft Augustinerkirche), and some intestines and other organs were placed in a copper urn and deposited in the crypt in the catacombs of dukes Vienna cathedral, the Stephansdom.

The region is known for its numerous relics that attest to a primitive population, especially involving a large necropolis approximately 3,000 dolmens.

The cemeteries dolmenic: The one in the town of Satha Roknia has been described as the most famous of the east. It is reached by the road leading to the spa Meskhoutine to take after the road Roknia and before reaching the town of municipality.

Several excavations have been made. Those who had the most impact date from 1867 and are due to the scientist and General Bourguignat Faidherbe. The collection of the latter (consisting of skulls and furniture) has maintained since the 19th century, its integrity and is the museum of ethnography and prehistory of Bardo in Algiers.

Regarding the dating of such monuments, works fairly recent determine that they are Neolithic and post antépuniques.

From the viewpoint of their classification, the dolmens Roknia listed in 1900 under the prehistoric era.

The haouanet: Also called tombs or burial vaults carved into the rock, they take the side of the cliff bordering to the west, the plateau Satha (Roknia in common and he was already talking.) Overlooking steeply as the place where the wadi Rouknia because of the confluence of Wadi el Graar and Douakha.

There would be some 400 graves in the wake of others.

Turkish presence

1515-1830 Barbary

French Presence

Algeria 1830-1962

Center established in 1906 in the department of Constantine, 77 km Philippeville, the territory of the municipality, at an average altitude of 250 meters, offered free grants to applicants 25 to 50 acres and 11 lots of farms 100 acres sold at a price very low with payment facilities.

Agricultural activities will allow the production of cereals (wheat and barley) in the vineyards, olive trees and raising cattle and sheep.

Algeria (Algeria, Democratic People’s Republic), countries in North Africa, Africa’s second largest country after Sudan. Algeria’s neighbors in northeastern Tunisia, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast, southwest Mauritania and Mali, Morocco and Western Sahara is on the west. Islam ethnically Arab and Berber is the land. Country name (El Cazayir) in Arabic, “the islands” means.

Algeria has two million years old hominid skeleton found. Researchers in the country dating from chipped stone age of homo habilis and homo erectus fossils has revealed.

Cilalıtaş in the transfer of the Sahara Desert in the area now has more wetlands. Thus the southern desert region of Algeria at the moment, people could live. There are cave paintings from that period.

In ancient times, to enter the stage of history of Algeria, Berber origin, 22 With the establishment of the Egyptian dynasties are. Berber horsemen who are skilled, they served as mercenaries in Egypt. On the other hand, established diplomatic relations with the Berber people of Carthage.

In ancient Greece and Roman Empire Numidya (Νομαδια) of the area known as the name, Greek for “wandering” meaning the nomados (νομαδος) comes from the word. Massinissa, the Second Punic War was able to combine Numidya’yı. Later, the country became a province of the Roman Empire. Algeria, the territory is a Mediterranean country with the most Roman ruins.
Genocide in Algeria

Main article: Algerian Genocide

President of Algeria in 2005 and 2006, France was accused of genocide  and has stated that they expect an apology from Paris. However, France did not accept the claims and the issue should be left to historians have argued.

Regime

In five years at the beginning of the country has an elected president. Council of Ministers and the President also said is the head of the High Security Council. The President also appoints ministers and the prime minister.

Administrative regions

Geography

Algeria, 2,381,741 km ² the largest in the Mediterranean region, Africa, the continent is the second largest country after Sudan. In the southern part, a significant portion of the Sahara desert into the soil gets.

Algeria’s coast is steep and often very close to the mountains, natural harbor is no more.

Shore immediately behind the Atlas Mountains, Morocco, starting from the two strip to the east up to 2400 km in Tunisia. stretches. Tell Atlas mountain range in the north to the south of the Sahara called Atlas. Between two mountain ranges and plateaus are located in the great plains. During these two become close to each other in the east to the Tunisian border. Part of the Atlas Mountains in Algeria, the highest point of approximately 2900 m. is altitude. However, Algeria’s highest point, in the middle of the Sahara in the Hoggar mass is 3003 meters above the summit Tahat.

Climate

Mediterranean climate in the country’s north, the south is the desert climate. Settlements near the coast in winter, when the average temperature of 8 to 15 ° C to 25 ° C rise in May and in the months of July-August average 28 to 30 ° C is reached. (Skikda’da 28 ° C and 29.5 ° C in the capital Algiers)

Tribes in the mountains and highlands in the middle of winter mean temperature is around 8 ° C and -7 ° C until the fall. Winter snows to the region. 30 to 38 ° C in summer the temperature rises up. (36 ° C in Constantine)
South of the Sahara region from 15 to 28 ° C while winter temperatures in the summer 40 to 45 ° C rise.

Economy

Algeria is one of the richest countries, of the African Continent. Annual with GDP of 113.6 billion dollars from the Republic of South Africa’s second largest economy has the Continent. A currency  “Algeria Dinar”‘ .

Algeria, a major natural gas and oil is a Manufacturer and Exporter. South-west of the country’s iron ore, uranium and zinc deposits of the south end is. Issued by a public company, Sonatrach oil, and natural gas, the country’s main source of Income. Algeria, through Agraria Modernization of heavy industry has tried to reform and revive the economy, but exports of Oil and natural gas-based products constitute almost Entirely stills.

Close to the sea, particularly in the arable areas of Mediterranean climate plants such as olives are Grown. Algeria, the world 1.si bean farming, 5.si figs, and dates in the 6.sı, 9.su Apricot, almond 10.su downloads Income, whereas in the Majority of the agricultural products can be exported.

Algeria’s foreign debt in 2005 was 17.5 billion dollars in December 2006 had fallen to $ 7.4 billion. Country, gradually closing their foreign debt, is benefiting from rising oil prices in this. Algeria is an OPEC country, has a robust economy. Oil and gas Revenues, reduces the foreign debt is a key to the realization of the infrastructure Projects Provides ace.

Culture

Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic and French are the country’s recent past have been affected. 20. Among the most important century of the Algerian novelist Mohammed Dib, Albert Camus and Katib is Yasin. Important novelists of the 1980s, then vice president of Amnesty International will discuss and secular because Mimuni Rashid killed by a group of Sharia Djaout’tur Tahar. Celebrity fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent, born in the city of Oran is an Algerian.

Algerian origin, famous french philosopher Jacques Derrida is also found among. Anti-colonialism, Frantz Fannon Bennabi angels and their opinions are known. Malik, who lived between 1905-1973 thousand Nebi sociological transformation of the Algerian people a very important piece of labor history has given this matter. Christian philosopher St. Augustine near Annaba, Tagaste’de was born. Tunus’lu the Ibn Khaldun, the famous work Mukaddime writes in Algeria.

Algeria, the Islamic civilization, culture constitutes the most important factor. More than 99% of the population of the Muslim countries of origin creates. Rate is up 0.1% Christians. 1960 160 000 number I found only 200 Jews survived. Algeria’s constitution, allows freedom of religion to all citizens. Imams, priests and rabbis and public servants under the Ministry of Religious Affairs is. To preach or be involved in religious activities are subject to approval of the state.

State, religious education and has contributed financially to the mosque, are paid salaries of imams. Sharia law since 2005 was made into a compulsory subject in secondary schools.

Algeria’s best known outside the country rai’dir type. Rai, the shepherd of the folk music is a mixture of the pop. Such as Cheb Khaled and Cheb Mami has gained international fame with this type of stars. In Algeria, the verbal kind of music mostly old Saab tarfından people are preferred. Tribal music with the energetic tone is appreciated. In the coastal city of Andalusia Andalusian immigrants brought their music, as a classic style is still resting.

Kitchen

Couscous with vegetables.

Algerian food shows the characteristics of Mediterranean cuisine. Cook some dishes from across the country, although most are local and would signify the cultural diversity. This case, the local geography, climate and time in history has emerged as a result. Made from wheat, meat or vegetables and served with couscous, peppers, onions and garlic the garlic is a typical meal.