May 1, 2010

Algeria (Algeria, Democratic People’s Republic), countries in North Africa, Africa’s second largest country after Sudan. Algeria’s neighbors in northeastern Tunisia, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast, southwest Mauritania and Mali, Morocco and Western Sahara is on the west. Islam ethnically Arab and Berber is the land. Country name (El Cazayir) in Arabic, “the islands” means.

Algeria has two million years old hominid skeleton found. Researchers in the country dating from chipped stone age of homo habilis and homo erectus fossils has revealed.

Cilalıtaş in the transfer of the Sahara Desert in the area now has more wetlands. Thus the southern desert region of Algeria at the moment, people could live. There are cave paintings from that period.

In ancient times, to enter the stage of history of Algeria, Berber origin, 22 With the establishment of the Egyptian dynasties are. Berber horsemen who are skilled, they served as mercenaries in Egypt. On the other hand, established diplomatic relations with the Berber people of Carthage.

In ancient Greece and Roman Empire Numidya (Νομαδια) of the area known as the name, Greek for “wandering” meaning the nomados (νομαδος) comes from the word. Massinissa, the Second Punic War was able to combine Numidya’yı. Later, the country became a province of the Roman Empire. Algeria, the territory is a Mediterranean country with the most Roman ruins.
Genocide in Algeria

Main article: Algerian Genocide

President of Algeria in 2005 and 2006, France was accused of genocide  and has stated that they expect an apology from Paris. However, France did not accept the claims and the issue should be left to historians have argued.

Regime

In five years at the beginning of the country has an elected president. Council of Ministers and the President also said is the head of the High Security Council. The President also appoints ministers and the prime minister.

Administrative regions

Geography

Algeria, 2,381,741 km ² the largest in the Mediterranean region, Africa, the continent is the second largest country after Sudan. In the southern part, a significant portion of the Sahara desert into the soil gets.

Algeria’s coast is steep and often very close to the mountains, natural harbor is no more.

Shore immediately behind the Atlas Mountains, Morocco, starting from the two strip to the east up to 2400 km in Tunisia. stretches. Tell Atlas mountain range in the north to the south of the Sahara called Atlas. Between two mountain ranges and plateaus are located in the great plains. During these two become close to each other in the east to the Tunisian border. Part of the Atlas Mountains in Algeria, the highest point of approximately 2900 m. is altitude. However, Algeria’s highest point, in the middle of the Sahara in the Hoggar mass is 3003 meters above the summit Tahat.

Climate

Mediterranean climate in the country’s north, the south is the desert climate. Settlements near the coast in winter, when the average temperature of 8 to 15 ° C to 25 ° C rise in May and in the months of July-August average 28 to 30 ° C is reached. (Skikda’da 28 ° C and 29.5 ° C in the capital Algiers)

Tribes in the mountains and highlands in the middle of winter mean temperature is around 8 ° C and -7 ° C until the fall. Winter snows to the region. 30 to 38 ° C in summer the temperature rises up. (36 ° C in Constantine)
South of the Sahara region from 15 to 28 ° C while winter temperatures in the summer 40 to 45 ° C rise.

Economy

Algeria is one of the richest countries, of the African Continent. Annual with GDP of 113.6 billion dollars from the Republic of South Africa’s second largest economy has the Continent. A currency  “Algeria Dinar”‘ .

Algeria, a major natural gas and oil is a Manufacturer and Exporter. South-west of the country’s iron ore, uranium and zinc deposits of the south end is. Issued by a public company, Sonatrach oil, and natural gas, the country’s main source of Income. Algeria, through Agraria Modernization of heavy industry has tried to reform and revive the economy, but exports of Oil and natural gas-based products constitute almost Entirely stills.

Close to the sea, particularly in the arable areas of Mediterranean climate plants such as olives are Grown. Algeria, the world 1.si bean farming, 5.si figs, and dates in the 6.sı, 9.su Apricot, almond 10.su downloads Income, whereas in the Majority of the agricultural products can be exported.

Algeria’s foreign debt in 2005 was 17.5 billion dollars in December 2006 had fallen to $ 7.4 billion. Country, gradually closing their foreign debt, is benefiting from rising oil prices in this. Algeria is an OPEC country, has a robust economy. Oil and gas Revenues, reduces the foreign debt is a key to the realization of the infrastructure Projects Provides ace.

Culture

Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic and French are the country’s recent past have been affected. 20. Among the most important century of the Algerian novelist Mohammed Dib, Albert Camus and Katib is Yasin. Important novelists of the 1980s, then vice president of Amnesty International will discuss and secular because Mimuni Rashid killed by a group of Sharia Djaout’tur Tahar. Celebrity fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent, born in the city of Oran is an Algerian.

Algerian origin, famous french philosopher Jacques Derrida is also found among. Anti-colonialism, Frantz Fannon Bennabi angels and their opinions are known. Malik, who lived between 1905-1973 thousand Nebi sociological transformation of the Algerian people a very important piece of labor history has given this matter. Christian philosopher St. Augustine near Annaba, Tagaste’de was born. Tunus’lu the Ibn Khaldun, the famous work Mukaddime writes in Algeria.

Algeria, the Islamic civilization, culture constitutes the most important factor. More than 99% of the population of the Muslim countries of origin creates. Rate is up 0.1% Christians. 1960 160 000 number I found only 200 Jews survived. Algeria’s constitution, allows freedom of religion to all citizens. Imams, priests and rabbis and public servants under the Ministry of Religious Affairs is. To preach or be involved in religious activities are subject to approval of the state.

State, religious education and has contributed financially to the mosque, are paid salaries of imams. Sharia law since 2005 was made into a compulsory subject in secondary schools.

Algeria’s best known outside the country rai’dir type. Rai, the shepherd of the folk music is a mixture of the pop. Such as Cheb Khaled and Cheb Mami has gained international fame with this type of stars. In Algeria, the verbal kind of music mostly old Saab tarfından people are preferred. Tribal music with the energetic tone is appreciated. In the coastal city of Andalusia Andalusian immigrants brought their music, as a classic style is still resting.

Kitchen

Couscous with vegetables.

Algerian food shows the characteristics of Mediterranean cuisine. Cook some dishes from across the country, although most are local and would signify the cultural diversity. This case, the local geography, climate and time in history has emerged as a result. Made from wheat, meat or vegetables and served with couscous, peppers, onions and garlic the garlic is a typical meal.